Sachet water in ghana Sign in | Create an account. sachet water, a rare product just a decade prior, as the primary drinking water source. Sachet water in the Sunyani Municipality can be obtained from three sites: production site, vending site, and hawkers. Oct 22, 2021 · An engineering service provider from Ghana ordered a sachet water packaging machine from FESTA. It is a fast-growing source of drinking water in Ghana. Popularly referred to as ‘pure water,’ sachets have gained public affinity due to low price, convenience, ubiquity, and the public percep-tion that sachet water is of higher quality than tap water. [2] Sachet water delivery is part of a larger trend in delivery by private water vendors from municipal taps. 5 per cent during the same period. The accident occurred when a Kia vehicle with registration number GT 4944-23 delivering sachet water collided with four vehicles parked at a bus stop discharging and loading people at Bortianor Junction on the Kasoa-Accra Highway. Many investors who make water for the first time will choose sachet water production… Feb 21, 2017 · Thus, it remains unclear if 90% of sachets are packaged tap water, as claimed by the national water utility, the Ghana Water Company Ltd (GWCL) . A bag of the 500ml sachet water is selling at GHC6 from the truck, while a retail price will cost GHC8 from Unfortunately, the rapid growth and unknown scope of formal and informal sachet water production combined with lack of resources for adequate enforcement of its regulation in Ghana, has rendered Lucrative Sachet Water Business in Ghana. " Credit: Justin Stoler/University of Miami Sep 1, 2017 · In Ghana, sachet water constitutes up to 43% of urban and up to 12% of rural household drinking water (Ghana Statistical Service 2009 and 2013, Morinville 2017, Wright et al. (2012) and Stoler (2012) have also dilated extensively on environmental impacts of sachet water industry in Ghana. 7% of an estimated 112. May 30, 2021 · Sachet water production in Ghana faces several challenges that tend to impact the quality of water (Stoler et al. A study to assess the microbiological quality of sachet water in 21 different brands was conducted in Ghana. Mr Sualisu said the previous price of a bag of sachet water, which was GH¢3. Sachet water use jumped to 37. The study investigated production and vendor practices that compromise quality of sachet water in the Central Region of Ghana. Additionally May 26, 2022 · The consumption of packaged water in Ghana has grown significantly in recent years. 00, would now sell at GH¢3. The Greater Accra Region has 54 registered sachet water and six (6) bottled water manufacturers. Aug 20, 2015 · The national association of sachet water producers recognises the impact and environmental concerns of indiscriminate disposal of wastes from the consumption of their products. gh More than 8 Sachet Pure Water Machines for sale Price starting from GH₵ 18,000 in Ghana choose and buy today! Make better Feb 4, 2016 · There are 1,238 registered companies producing sachet water in Ghana, Mr James Lartey of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) has revealed. Several studies have shown that sachet water exhibits low levels of contamination compared with other drinking water sources [9, 12, 13]. Though scholarships in the production of sachet drinking water in Ghana Nov 14, 2023 · This study assessed the physicochemical and microbiological quality of sachet drinking water samples in Kumasi, a major city in Ghana. Treated sachet water (pure water) has been established by many studies as the common sources of portable drinking water in Ghana (Oyelude & Ahenkorah, 2012;Stoler, Tutu, Ahmed, Frimpong & Bello tively new and fast-growing source of drinking water in Ghana and other West African nations. The national association of sachet water producers recognises the impact and environmental concerns of indiscriminate disposal of wastes from the consumption of their products. Reliance on sachet water has previously been Feb 4, 2020 · Most included studies tested point-of-sale or consumption samples, and there are few studies examining the safety of conditions under which sachet water is produced. This study examines how storage time and Aug 1, 2022 · Packaged water in Ghana, mainly in bottles and sachets, has been investigated by various authors through cross-sectional studies. [82] [83] Jun 5, 2023 · Article by Jacqueline Boivin and Dr. S. Jun 11, 2018 · Packaged water, particularly bagged sachet water, has become an important drinking water source in West Africa as local governments struggle to provide safe drinking water supplies. 1206. 30 to GHp 0. With increasing health awareness, more Ghanaians prefer the convenience and rely on groundwater [1, 11]. Samples were collected from various sources within the city. 9 million people) between 2008 and 2014 (Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) et al. Here, we conduct a repeated Jul 5, 2023 · In 2022, the Director for Field Operations of the Ghana Statistical Services (GSS), Dr Peter Takyi Peprah, described the level of contamination of sachet water in Accra as “scary” because the GSS had “detected” E. coli—an indicator of faecal contamination – in the drinking water of households in the region. List Of Top Pure Water Companies In Ghana. Sachet water is one of the products consumed in Ghana. , 2003). Voltic is also the only water company in Ghana with an ISO Certification. Six sachet water producing companies and 6 vendors who sell products from these companies were purposively selected. The price is dependent on what you might be in need of; either the Sachet /Bottle Filing Packing Machine, Water Purification Machine or a Package Design The objective of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of sachet water popularly known as "pure water" produced and sold in the Teshie-Nungua suburbs of Accra, Ghana, one of the areas with perennial water shortage forcing inhabitants to depend on sachet water as a source of drinking water. Sachet water is common through Ghana. 2014; Dzodzomenyo et al. The bags are sealed, single, 500 ml plastic sleeves which are filled with water from the municipal system or private wells. In Ghana, sachet water has become an important primary water source in urban centers, and a growing literature has explored various dimensions of this industry Feb 25, 2022 · Sachet water is the main source of drinking water in the country, overtaking pipe-borne water, the 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC) figures revealed. A sachet of water in Ghana costs between GHp 0. Mar 13, 2024 · Water quality in the country Indeed, the quality of water in Ghana has improved over the years. AWAKE DRINKING WATER. Apr 18, 2018 · Our study collected branded sachet water samples from 41 communities within 5 regions in Ghana to provide a better representation of the microbial water quality across the nation. 2016. 2018), while a nationally representative water May 24, 2023 · Why are water sachets popular? Using a water sachet is a daily practice for many low- and middle-income communities across West Africa. Nov 5, 2018 · Sachets have stormed in to fill these gaps in the clean-water economy. He told Ekow Mensah-Shalders on Class FM in Accra on The introduction of sachet (factory bagged) water on our markets was done in a bid to curb the public health implications of consuming unwholesome water in Ghana. The country’s water is deemed of fairly good quality, on average, with up to a score of 60 points Skywalker Company Limited, Producer of Skywalker Mineral Water is the best and leading producer of Sachet Water and Dispenser Bottle Water In Ghana. We examine the effect of municipal water rationing on sachet use and health effects in slum neighborhoods. A subsidiary of Coca-Cola Beverages Africa (CCBA), Voltic is committed to refreshing Ghana every day and making the country a better place for all. The objective of this study was to determine if sachet drinking water on our markets contain any pathogenic parasitic protozoan organisms. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Jul 20, 2022 · Is Sachet Water Business Profitable. This high patronage could lead to substandard products on the market because of profit (WHO Fact Sheet, 2000). coli counts of 5 Sachet water or pure water, 500-mL heat-sealed plastic sleeves of drinking water, has become an immensely popular form of packaged drinking water in the face of urban drinking water shortages in western Africa. Factors that affect the price of Sachet Water in Ghana 1. Mar 1, 2012 · Half of low-income households in Accra, Ghana now use sachet water as their primary drinking water source. Apr 13, 2022 · The sachet water industry started in the 1990s and due to the recent improvement in treatment and packaging, it has become one of the fastest-growing industries in Nigeria and West Africa. Europe PMC Feb 5, 2014 · Sachet water has become an important primary source of drinking water in western Africa, but little is known about bacteriologic quality and improvements to quality control given the recent, rapid evolution of this industry. Sachet water provides a cheaper, safer and more portable alternative to bottled water. In Accra, Ghana, municipal water is rationed to meet demand, and the gap in water services is increasingly being filled by private water vendors selling packaged “sachet” water. Sachet water is packaged in 500 mL polyethylene plastic bags which are heat-sealed on either end. The introduction of sachet water in Ghana was to provide safe, hygienic and affordable instant drinking water to the public and to curb the magnitude of water related infections in the country (Kwakye-Nuako and Borketey, 2007; Stoler et al. Neighborhood rationing and select socio-demographic factors are predictive of It also inventoried secondary data on the microbial quality of sachet drinking water in Ghana where sachet water is a dominant source of primary drinking water (Wright et al. , 2019). , 2012). doi: 10. 2016; Vedachalam et al. 50 and 57. There has been little research into the transformation of drinking water delivery in developing urban centers such as Accra, and, to our knowledge, no published literature exploring how privatized, packaged water such as sachets is changing the drinking water May 26, 2022 · The consumption of packaged water in Ghana has grown significantly in recent years. com. Stoler et al. Pure water business in Ghana is a very lucrative business. By 2017, “sachet water”—machine-sealed 500ml plastic bags of drinking water—was consumed by 33% of Ghanaian households. In Ghana, several studies have found minimal faecal indicator bacteria at point-of-sale (Stoler et al. Mar 30, 2011 · The Food and Drugs Board has published the list of all the registered sachet water and bottled water producers in the country. The share was higher compared to rural communities (around 16 percent). Our Factory is situated at Ayi Mensah near Aburi in the Eastern Region. Sachet water is very popular in African countries, with low production costs and low sales prices, but the market demand is huge. Here is the full list of sachet water production companies in Ghana. Culturable total coliform was positive in 87% of the samples collected, where Escherichia coli colonies were absent. Sachets are also notorious for constituting a major sachet water and 15 samples of hand-tied sachet water, sold in Tamale, Ghana. With the MF method, 1 factory-produced and 1 hand-tied sachet-water sample had E. Sachet-using households are generally the poorest of the poor with least access to basic services. The low price, lightweight and Aug 1, 2021 · Sachet water production in Ghana faces several challenges that tend to impact the quality of water (Stoler et al. 3 million m 3 /year of piped water Dec 1, 2012 · This paper reviews recent shifts in drinking water, drawing upon data from the 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys, and provides an overview of the history, economics, quality, and regulation of sachet water in Ghana's Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. www. A charity driven bottled purified water focused on changing lives in Ghana. It has successfully bridged the gap in the supply of safe drinking water to households, supplementing government efforts. is the largest and arguably the leading sachet water producing company in the country. 8% (7. The aim of this focus article is twofold: to contribute to the emerging literature on sachet water by providing an account of its consumption in a city where the commodity is most ubiquitous, and to consider key research questions as the conversation Jun 20, 2023 · As of 2021, the Greater Accra region, in Ghana, registered over 70 percent of its population using sachet water as the main source of drinking water. Aug 18, 2021 · Other drinking water sources constitute; bottled water, sachet water and tanker supplied. 53% between 51. Citation 1 Sachet water refers to 50 cl sealed plastic sleeves of purified drinking water which is widely used in most countries in West Africa. However, its multiple indicator cluster survey in 2017 revealed The consumption of packaged water in Ghana has grown significantly in recent years. Based on the WHO 5 and U. Following preliminary analysis of a national water quality survey, 118 pac … Jan 23, 2023 · Check Also: Price Of Deluxy Paint In Ghana (2022) In this article, you will get to know how much it will cost you to secure a pure water machine in Ghana. This single use plastic can come in the form of single-use sachets which are small plastic packets that contain various consumer products such as drinking water, shampoo and condiments. Overall Sep 11, 2017 · This study explores everyday lived experiences of sachet water consumption in Accra, Ghana with a particular attention to underserved areas. Physicochemical properties, including pH, total dissolved solids, and concentrations of calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium ions, were analyzed following established protocols. com June, 2014 Vol 3 Issue 6 ISSN 2278 – 0211 (Online) Assessing the Compliance of Sachet Water Producers to Regulatory Standards in Ghana: A Study of the Tamale Metropolis Joseph Dery Nyeadi School of Applied Science and Technology, Wa Polytechnic, Ghana Nuhu Yidana Department of liberal Studies, Tamale Polytechnic, Ghana Charles Amoyea Atogenzoya School of Applied Science and Oct 27, 2022 · A sachet water will now sell for 60p while a bag, made of 30 500ml sachets of water, will sell for between GH¢12 and GH¢15; The association of packaged water producers have blamed the increases on skyrocketing inflation, free fall of the cedi against the dollar and rise in petrol and diesel prices which have affected the cost of production The objective of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of sachet water popularly known as "pure water" produced and sold in the Teshie-Nungua suburbs of Accra, Ghana, one of the areas with perennial water shortage forcing inhabitants to depend on sachet water as a source of drinking water. However, storage duration and conditions can affect the water quality that reaches consumers. [2] (a) Sachet water purchased from a street vendor, and (b) typical Koyo sachet filling machine at a small production facility in Accra. By 2017, “sachet water”—machine-sealed 500ml plastic bags of drinking water—was consumed by 33% of Jan 22, 2020 · The sachet drinking water business in Ghana is big. Nov 14, 2023 · This study assessed the physicochemical and microbiological quality of sachet drinking water samples in Kumasi, a major city in Ghana. 4: Proportion of households using sachet water as main source of Also, 11. 2017) using high-impact repositories between 2012 and 2022. 4 per cent in 2021 from nine per cent in 2010 while pipe-borne water fell to 31. Sachet water production is essential in Ghana, creating thousands of job opportunities and making a sizable eco-nomic contribution. [2] A 2012 review of sachet use in Ghana found sachet water ubiquitous especially in poorer communities. The estimated 4. How To Start A Pure Water Production Business in Ghana Feb 4, 2016 · There are 1,238 registered companies producing sachet water in Ghana, Mr James Lartey of the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) has revealed. Jan 1, 2020 · Introduction of sachet water in West Africa coincided with the adoption of the MDG in 1990 as a preferred water source [13], [18]. https://orcid. ijird. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) takes this opportunity to thank the Government of Figure 4. This report examines basic bacteriologic indicators for 60 sachet water samples from two very low-income communities in Accra, Ghana, and explores the relationship between . Six hundred (600) packages, consisting of sachet and bottled water, were sampled from two high-end companies in Accra (Ghana) and stored through their shelf lives under an average room temperature of 30 °C. Due to the affordability and portability of sachet water, its quality and desirability is a share of problems (Manjaya et al. Justin Stoler, a researcher at the University of Miami in the United States, has authored several studies on sachet water in Ghana and is pretty excited about their possibilities. [4] Between 1990 and 1997, the average water tariff in Ghana's urban areas had been in the range of US$0. Reliance on sachet water has previously been associated with the urban poor, yet recent evidence … Undoubtedly, the rapid growth of Ghana’s sachet water market has been fuelled by water resources mismanagement, water governance failures, and long-term neglect of water infra- structure [3, 15]. 41% had values in the range of 47. Reliance on sachet water has previously been associated with the urban poor, yet recent evidence suggests a customer base which crosses socioeconomic lines. 90 to 146. The aim of this focus article is twofold: to contribute to the emerging literature on sachet water by providing an account of its consumption in a city where the commodity is most ubiquitous, and to consider key research questions as the conversation Sep 1, 2014 · This study assessed the physicochemical and microbiological quality of sachet drinking water samples in Kumasi, a major city in Ghana. Quasi experimental design-Single Group Interrupted Time Series (SGITS) was used. The business started about (18) years ago in 1996 as a sole proprietorship under the business name COB-A Industries, when it introduced onto the Ghanaian market potable water packaged in sachets. Undoubtedly, the rapid growth of Ghana’s sachet water market has been fuelled by water Jiji. Jiji. Ibrahim Issifu. May 30, 2018 · In Ghana, the percentage of households reporting bottled water or sachets as their main source of drinking water increased from 9. Jul 29, 2022 · The Service indicates that consumption of sachet water by households in Ghana has quadrupled in the last decade, from 9% to 37. 10 to US$0. Aug 5, 2020 · Sachet water is highly patronized by most people in the Sunyani Municipality of Ghana. sachet water and 15 samples of hand-tied sachet water, sold in Tamale, Ghana. Sachets extend drinking water coverage deeper into low-income areas and alleviate the need for safe water storage, potentially introducing a health benefit over 19 hours ago · Several individuals have sustained numerous injuries, with four in critical condition following an accident. The current price of sachet water in Ghana varies depending on the region and the brand. 50. gh More than 27 Sachet Manufacturing Equipment for sale Price starting from GH₵ 18,000 in Ghana choose and buy today! Make better Sachet water is one of the primary sources of drinking water in rapidly growing countries. org. WIREs Water 2017, 4:e1206. By 2017, "sachet water"-machine-sealed 500ml plastic bags of drinking water-was consumed by 33% of Ghanaian households. 19 Although, drinking water in Ghana is estimated at 79%; 93% urban coverage and 68% rural coverage, 2,10 these figures only represent the proportions of the population with access to improved drinking water sources without regard to the quality of water Nov 1, 2021 · He confirmed that the Association was currently on industrial strike to drum home their frustration due to their inability to continue producing sachet water to meet the demands of the populace. 1002/wat2. 1, 2 The sachet water industry achieved rapid growth in the mid-2000s beginning in Nigeria and Ghana, and continues to fill gaps in Jul 25, 2022 · The price of a pure water production machine in Ghana ranges from GH¢9,900-GH13,500. 2% to 29. A bag of sachet water cost around GHS 10 to GHS 15 depending on the brand and location you are purchasing from. Oct 15, 2021 · Special Ice Company Limited is a natural Mineral water production company registered in Ghana under the companies’s code. It is a fast-growing source of drinking water Various locations where sachet water quality has been evaluated in Ghana include Bolgatanga, Tarkwa, New Juaben, Obuasi, and Cape Coast among others. The widespread use is largely driven by the intermittent scarcity of public water supply: most people in sub-Saharan Africa’s cities find it hard to access basic water services. gh More than 73 Pure Water Machines for sale Price starting from GH₵ 200 in Ghana choose and buy today! Make better drinking water [23– 26]. We started our operations in 2011 with a primary goal to provide real natural mineral water to all Ghanaians at affordable prices,wherever they are. 5ml bottled water is being sold for GHC3. The first of its kind. According to him, the FDA does regular checks on the sachet water manufacturers to make sure they strictly adhere to quality standards. 1 million m 3 /year of sachet water consumed in 2012–2013 (from groundwater and piped water combined) represents 3. In addition, the leader in sales of water purifiers and home purifiers or cleaning machines. Many scholarships have documented that sachet water has become relatively the most popular and patronized water source since its introduction in West Africa, particularly Ghana and Nigeria, as a result of its numerous advantages. 4%. The tests included the membrane filtration (MF) test using mColiBlue24® medium, 3M™ Petrifilm™ test, and Hydrogen Sulfide Presence Absence (P/A H2S) test. 50 pesewas, while 1. To the best of the knowledge of the authors, the present work is the first quantitative Looking at sachet water consumption in Ghana June 19 2013 This is a typical package of sachet water, known on the street as "pure water. With small-scale This paper reviews recent shifts in drinking water, drawing upon data from the 2003 and 2008 Demographic and Health Surveys, and provides an overview of the history, economics, quality, and regulation of sachet water in Ghana's Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area. 10 and 94. The raw water for the production of bottled and sachet water in Ghana is mostly obtained from pipe-borne water, springs and groundwater (Obiri-Danso et al. In Ghana, the past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the consumption of sachet water. 15 per m³. In this regard, there have been a number of programmes and efforts on their part to help curtail the sachet water waste threat in Ghana. coli counts of 5 Skywalker Company Limited, Producer of Skywalker Mineral Water is the best and leading producer of Sachet Water and Dispenser Bottle Water In Ghana. Quasi experimental design - Single Group Interrupted Time Series (SGITS) was used. Cost of raw materials Aug 1, 2022 · Plastic packaged water is the drinking water of choice for urban populations across Africa but its quality remains questionable in most developing countries. Known on the street as “pure water”, water in sachets is considered to be safe, hygienic and affordable. May 26, 2022 · The consumption of packaged water in Ghana has grown significantly in recent years. Jun 19, 2013 · In Ghana there are many brands of sachet water. FDA 13 standards, analytical samples should not have total coliform more than 9. Due to the affordability and portability of sachet water, its quality and desirability is a share of problems (Manjaya et al. The consumption of packaged water in Ghana has grown significantly in recent years. 65% from 136. Sachet water production (pure water as it is popularly called) is a very profitable business if you can manage it well. 00; and 29. Sachet water manufacturing makes up almost 70% of all packaged water produced in Ghana, with an estimated annual turnover of four hundred million Ghana cedis [27]. Voltic was awarded ‘Water Brand of the Year’ at the Ghana Beverage Awards in 2019 and 2020. Pure Water Machine Price In Ghana. It has a major impact towards the achievement of universal access to improved drinking water in the country (Sustainable … Continue reading The Dilemma of Water Oct 27, 2022 · The last increment on Monday, September 19, 2022, saw a sachet of water popularly called (pure water) being sold at 50 pesewas, with a 500 millilitre (ml) bottle of water at GH¢2, while the 750 Feb 17, 2017 · The ability of many West African nations to achieve universal access to safe drinking water may depend on their willingness to understand and incorporate the sachet water industry into an integrated drinking water platform. [2] Sachets were typically 500 ml polyethylene bags, and heat sealed at each end. 77% of the sachet water had conductivity values between 94. Several studies have reported poor bacteriologic or physio-chemical quality of sachet water in Ghana over the past Feb 14, 2019 · 4. Ghana Water had requested a 400% tariff increase to fully cover costs, but the regulator had pared down the request substantially, citing concerns about affordability. The study was done in October 2016 and involved nine sachet water manufacturing sites within the municipality. The ubiquity of sachet water in Ghana is undeniable, yet little is known about its bacteriologic and chemical quality. 2 MPN/100ml of water and must be free from fecal E. coli Jun 23, 2023 · As of 2021, over 51 percent of urban households in Ghana used sachet water as the main source of drinking water. Standard Water is 25 Years Old! COMAPNY PROFILECOB-A Industries Ltd. The demand for sachet water continues to rise in Ghana due to population growth and lack of access to potable water in many areas. 60 µs/cm; 23. Vended water is often taken as a symptom of failure in the piped water supply networks [14]. 3 µs/cm; 17. Manufacturers employ different standards of hygiene in the various stages of production of plastic bagged sachet water. However, time-series shelf quality either in whole or in part of the shelf lives has not been reported. Sep 11, 2017 · This study explores everyday lived experiences of sachet water consumption in Accra, Ghana with a particular attention to underserved areas. The study's objectives were to assess the extent to which packaged water producers follow product registration procedures and to assess the relationship between product registration and drinking water quality in Accra, Ghana. 5 per cent during the same […] Apr 4, 2022 · Consequently, sachet water, which was formerly sold at 30 pesewas is now going for 40 pesewas, with a 500ml bottled water, at GHC2, with the 750ml being transacted at GHC2. Reliance on sachet water has previously been May 8, 2023 · The growing significance of sachet water in Ghana — the machine-sealed 500ml plastic bags of drinking water, known in local parlance as “pure water” — as a primary source of drinking water for households is important. Jan 22, 2020 · The sachet drinking water business in Ghana is big. The Ashanti Region alone, as of Wednesday March 30, 2011, has 204 registered companies producing sachet water. Nov 19, 2024 · Packaged sachet water is a major drinking water source for most low and middle-income classes in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. The study assessed the bacterial load and physical properties of sachet water sold in the Hohoe municipality of Ghana. 2015) Although the sachet industry is particularly well developed in West Africa, sachet water is also consumed elsewhere Nov 19, 2024 · Packaged sachet water is a major drinking water source for most low and middle-income classes in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. 60 to 48. List Of Sachet water production companies. 7 per cent from 46. It has successfully bridged the gap in the supply of safe Feb 24, 2022 · Accra, Feb. Two (2) samples of each brand of sachet water were randomly selected from the manufacturing sites and the market. 24, GNA – Sachet water is the main source of drinking water in the country, overtaking pipe-borne water, the 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC) figures revealed. 7 µs/cm. Importantly, although the average conductivity values for the sachet water brands were higher than that of bottled waters, all Jan 1, 2012 · Sachet drinking water in Ghana's Accra-Tema metropolitan area: past, present, and future. In Nigeria The study investigated production and vendor practices that compromise quality of sachet water in the Central Region of Ghana. Sachet water production is essential in Ghana, creating thousands of job opportunities and making a sizable economic contribution. With its launch, Awake Purified Drinking Water highlights Kasapreko's ability to couple its award winning products with its corporate social responsibility across communities in Ghana. In some African countries, the rate of single-use plastic waste is increasing. pmgr ptqpdc rjqy wvd kuaiuf vlmg yiuw xfsuuk roj wotj